基于區(qū)域自動(dòng)氣象站數(shù)據(jù)的寧夏中衛(wèi)市短歷時(shí)強(qiáng)降水及暴雨時(shí)空變化分析

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關(guān)鍵詞：短歷時(shí)強(qiáng)降水；區(qū)域自動(dòng)站；時(shí)空變化中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：P426.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：ADOI：10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2025.11.023文章編號(hào)：1003-5168（2025）11-0112-06

Temporal and Spatial Variation Analysis of Short Duration Heavy Rainfall and rainstorm in Zhongwei City of Ningxia Based on Regional Automatic WeatherStationDate

PANG Tingting1，2.3 CHENG Xingyi3 GAO Yingyun4

（1.Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agrometeorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management in Arid Regions，China Meteorological Administration，Yinchuan 75Oo2，China; 2.Key Laboratory of Meteorological DisasterPrevention and Reduction of Ningxia，Yinchuan 75oo02， China; 3.Zhongwei Meteorological Bureau， Zhongwei 755Ooo， China; 4.Shapotou District Meteorological Bureau， Zhongwei 755000， China）

Abstract： [Purposes] To provide technical support for extreme precipitation forecasting and disaster prevention and reduction using high-resolution regional automatic station data.[Methods] Based on statistical analysisandGIS，high-resolution precipitation data from 156 stations in Zhongwei Cityfrom May to September in recent 2O15—2O22 were used to analyze，the spatial and temporal distribution characteristicsof local short duration heavy rainfall and rainstorms.[Findings] ① It hasa clear regional distribution， decreasing from south to north and mostly occurring in the southern mountainous areas. ② There is a significant seasonal variation，with less precipitation in Juneand September，and concentrated precipitation from July to August，mainly local precipitation，followed by regional precipitation. ③ The ten day change variation shows a clear single peak distribution curve，the number of times increases from the first tendays of July，the short-duration rainfall reaches the peak in the first ten days of August，and the rainstorm reaches the peak in the last ten days of August. ④ The phenomenon of short-term heavy precipitation can occur almost every hour，with a low probability of occurrence at 1：OO am throughout the day，and is more likely to occur in the afternoon and early night，with apeak at22：Oo.[Conclusion] Zhongwei City needs to consider the uncertainty of short-term heavy rainfall and rainstorm，and take corresponding adaptive and flexible measures.

Keywords：short-duration heavy rainfall regional automatic weather station; temporal and spatial variation

0 引言

在極端天氣與城市化進(jìn)程的雙重挑戰(zhàn)下，短歷時(shí)強(qiáng)降水及暴雨引發(fā)的災(zāi)害損失加劇，提升監(jiān)測(cè)與預(yù)報(bào)技術(shù)尤為迫切。（剩余5017字）