短距離速度滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員起跑關(guān)鍵身體姿態(tài)特征研究

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中圖分類號：G862.1/G804.62 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號：1002-3488（2025）03-0001-06

Study onKey Body Posture Characteristics of Start in Short Distance Speed Skaters FANG Yingjie1，YANLi2，ZHANGXuelian3，WANGJinguo4，HUANG Yu4

（1.SchoolofPhysicalEducation，HarbinSport UniversityHarbin50oo8，China;2.InstituteofSportsScience， HarbinSportUniversityHarbin15oo08，China;3.SchoolofSportsHumanitiesandSociology，Harbinport University，Harbin5oo08，China;4.SchoolofWinterOlympics，HarbinSportUniversityHarbin5oo08，China） Abstract：With thecontinuous improvement of theoverallcompetitive level of speed skating in the world，the startingabilityof skaters atthebeginningofacompetition often becomes the keyto victory.This study uses experimental testing anddataanalysis methods to investigatethekeybodyposturecharacteristicsofthe startof13 shortdistance speed skaters，aiming toidentifythekey factorsofbodyposturethataffecttheeffectiveness of the start.Theresultsshow that thestride length in thereadyposture，the kneeangleofthe leftleg，andtheposterior stabilityanglearekey factorsaffctingtheskaters’starting speed;appropriatelyincreasing theposteriorstability angle，kneeanglesofbothlegs，andstride length helpsimprove thestarting speed.Inthestartingandsprnting stages，appropriatelyreducing theicecontactangleand pushingangleofeachstep，and increasing the trunk angle andtherangeofchange inthehipangleatthemomentoficeoff，helps improvetheeffectivenessofthestart.Itis recommendedtoappropriatelyreducethe trunk angle，increasethestridelength，therangeofforwardbodycenter

ofgravity shift，and kneeanglein trainingto better control starting stability;strengthen the control of lowerlimb jointangles，minimize the icecontactangle to avoid the buffering effect，and minimize the pushing angle to enhance the effective pushing force;and strengthen the“rigid support”role of theankles and explosive force training for the left legof speed skaters.

Keywords：speed skating;short distance; start;body posture;athletic performance

1研究背景與目的

速度滑冰是冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)中最具代表性且歷史悠久的項(xiàng)目，在冬奧會(huì)歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程中一直占據(jù)極為重要的地位，可與夏奧會(huì)的大項(xiàng)田徑、游泳等相提并論。（剩余7769字）