無人機在我國農業(yè)監(jiān)測與農事作業(yè)上的應用研究進展

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中圖分類號：S252 文獻標識號：A 文章編號：1001-4942（2025）06-0171-10

AbstractDrones，characterized by high mobility，flexibility and work effciency，have become an integral part of China's agricultural machinery and equipment，achieving remarkable application results in areas such as agricultural monitoring and farming operations.Equipped with various earth observation sensors such as visible-light and spectral cameras，LiDAR and thermal imagers，drones can rapidly，efficiently and accurately acquireremote sensing data of crops and soil.By integrating machine learning and artificial intellgence algorithms，they enable precise analysis of field area and yield estimation，pest and disease monitoring and early warning，soil quality assessment，and so on.Additionally，drones can be fited with spraying and seeding systems to perform effcient agricultural tasks such as crop protection and sowing.To better promote the applicationand development of agricultural drone technology in China，this paper provided a brief introduction to drone types，path planning，onboard sensors，and specialized farming payloads，and summarized the research progress and application status of drone technology in China’s agricultural monitoring （including crop planting area and yield estimation，pest and disease monitoring and early warning，soil quality assessment，and crop phenotyping research） and farming operations （crop protection，fertilization，seeding，and harvesting）.Furthermore，the current limitations of agricultural drone technologyapplication in China were analyzed and its future development directions were prospected，aiming to provide a scientific reference for advancing the application of drones in China's agricultural production.

KeywordsDrones; Agricultural monitoring; Farming operations

我國是農業(yè)大國，多種農產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量位居全球前列，然而與農業(yè)發(fā)達國家相比，仍然存在勞動生產(chǎn)率較低、化肥和農藥平均施用量較高等問題此外，由于城鎮(zhèn)化進程加快和人口老齡化等問題，我國農村勞動力快速減少，土地流轉速度加快，迫切需要新的農業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式和技術來適應這種變化。（剩余17561字）