玉米葉片氣孔特征及產(chǎn)量相關(guān)性狀的雜種優(yōu)勢分析

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中圖分類號：S513 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識號：A 文章編號：1001-4942（2025）06-0047-08

AbstractIn order to explore the influence of stomatal traits of maize leaves on yield，and then breed high-yield and stres-resistant maize hybrids，four maize hybrids and their parents were used as experimental materials.The chlorophyll content and stomatal traits of leaves at filing stage，andthe yield related traits were determined，and the heterosis of each trait of F1 hybrid were analyzed. The results showed that，as for the yield related traits，the heterosis of ear length，grain number per row，single ear weight and grain weight per ear were relatively larger，while the heterosis of row number per ear，grain width，grain thickness and 100-grain weight were relatively smaler.As for the stomatal traitsof leaves，the heterosis ofstomatal areaand stomatal area index on the adaxial surface，and the stomatal length，stomatal area and stomatal circumference on the abaxial surface were relatively larger，while the heterosis of stomatal densityand stomatal index on theadaxial surface and the abaxial surface were relatively smaller. Within a certain spatial scale，the spatial distribution of stomata of Shuoyu 172 and Shuoyu 173 was the most regular，and the scale range of regular distribution was larger.The chlorophyll content of Shuoyu 172 was extremely significantly higher than that of the other three varieties.The yieldof Shuoyu 172 was the highest，followed by Baojing 186，and the differences reached the extremely significant level.In summary，the smaller the stomatal area was，the larger the stomatal density and the higher the stomatal index of the hybrid were，thusthe stronger the stress resistanceof hybridand the higher the yield of hybrid were.This conclusion could provide theoretical guidance for the breeding of maize hybrids.

KeywordsMaize;Stomatal traits;Yield; Heterosis

玉米作為我國第一大糧食作物，在保障糧食安全中占有舉足輕重的地位1」，提高玉米產(chǎn)量仍是當(dāng)前玉米育種的主要研究目標(biāo)。（剩余10911字）