2017一2022年河南省審定小麥品種產(chǎn)量性狀與抗病性變異分析
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Yield Traits and Disease Resistance Variation of Wheat Varieties Approved in Henan Province from 2017 to 2022
ZHANG Chengyu，WU Man，LYU Liangsong，WANG Yulong，WANG Liming （CollgeofAgriculture，Henan UniversityofScienceand Technology，Luoyang，Henan471Ooo，China）
Abstract：Toovideoreticalerenesfortebedingofigeld，igualityndviomentallssaiableat etiesinHenanprovinceandtheformulationofbreedingobjectives，thisstudyanalyzedthevariationinyieldtraitsanddiseasesistance of 431 wheat varieties approved in the province from 2O17 to 2O22.The results showed that 84% of the varieties were semiwinter types，with anaverage plant heightof 78.27cm，decreasing annually byO.O3cm.The average yield reached 7702.68kg?hm-2 increasing by 6.45kg?hm-2 per year.Among the three yield components，spike number（ 578.06×104 spikes ?hm-2 ），grainsper spike （35.16grainssike1），ndgrainght（45.g），sprsikeebitedfuctuatigiceased，ilesked 000-grainweightshowedslightdeclined.Pathanalysisrevealedthatspikenumbercontrbutedmostsignificantlytoyield（directcontributionvalue：1.829），fllowedbygrainsperspike（.641）andOograinweight （.525）.Despitetheegaivecorrelationbtwen grainsperspikdeldR=-），itsctosiiectdadcatingtatyeldmpovstillliss bernhancement，withinsuficintsyergisticoptizationamongthethrecomponentsRegadingdiseaseresistance：forstripeust， 2.78% of varieties were highly resistant and 33.87% were moderately resistant or above，with 92.6% of highly resistant materials derivedfromtheZhoumaiseries，andtheproportionofhighlysusceptiblevarietiesgraduallydecreased.ForFusarumheadblight， 92.57% were highly susceptible，with only three varieties（ 0.69% ）showing moderate resistance or above.The moderate resistance rates for powdery mildew and leaf rust were 15.3% and 7.4% ，respectively.Multi-disease resistance breeding lagged，with only11 varieties （2.55% ）exhibitingresistance tothreediseases.Thestudyhighlights theneedforHenanprovince to maintainitsstriperustresistance advantages whileprioritiingbreakthroughsinFusaimhadblightresistance，strengtheningtesyergistcoptizationofultidis easeresistanceandyieldtraits，ndupgradingrsstancebedigstrategies.Inconlusion，tisesearchclarifistheielddis tancecharacteristicsofapprovedweatvarietiesinHenanprovince，providingcriticalinsightsforpromotingsuperiorcultivarsand guiding germplasm screening and breeding target formulation.
Key Words：Henan province；wheat varieties;yield traits；disease resistance河南省位于我國(guó)黃淮海平原的西南部，地理位置、氣候、水系優(yōu)越，自古就是我國(guó)糧食的主產(chǎn)區(qū)，小麥播種面積占全國(guó)的 25% ，產(chǎn)量占全國(guó)小麥產(chǎn)量的28.5%[1] ，連續(xù)多年位居全國(guó)的播種面積、總產(chǎn)量第一2。（剩余8103字）