從高斯定理理解電場(chǎng)線的性質(zhì)

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中圖分類號(hào)：0441.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1674-0033（2025）04-0078-06

Abstract：Gauss theorem of the electrostatic field，as the core cornerstone of electromagnetism，reveals the properties of the electrostatic field and the distribution law of electric field lineswith rigorous mathematical language.Aiming atthe common cognitive misunderstanding that "the electric field lines cannot accurately represent the electric field due to their subjective drawing"，the concept of solid Angle is introduced to construct a mathematical derivation system，and the universality of Gauss theorem is proved through rigorous demonstration.At the same time，with the help of the fluid vector tube model，the quantitative constraint conditions of Gauss theorem that the distribution of electric field lines needs to follow are clarified，and the quantitative corresponding relationship between the spatial densityand the electric field strength isrevealed.Both theoretical derivations and practical applications show that although there isa certainspace for subjective selection in theilustration of electric field lines，their overall distribution is objectively determined by Gauss theorem，and can accurately reflect the characteristics of the electrostatic field and the action mechanism of the source charges.

Keywords：electric field;electric field lines;Gauss theorem

靜電場(chǎng)高斯定理與電場(chǎng)線的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，是構(gòu)建電磁學(xué)理論體系的核心基石，但學(xué)生在理解電場(chǎng)線與高斯定理的關(guān)聯(lián)時(shí)普遍存在認(rèn)知誤區(qū)[2-5。（剩余5364字）